Does the mutualism between wood ants (Formica rufa group) and Cinara aphids affect Norway spruce growth?

Kilpeläinen J, Finér L, Neuvonen S, Niemelä P, Domisch T, Risch AC, Jurgensen MF, Ohashi M & Sundström L
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Kilpeläinen, J., Finér, L., Neuvonen, S., Niemelä, P., Domisch, T., Risch, A. C., … Sundström, L. (2009). Does the mutualism between wood ants (Formica rufa group) and Cinara aphids affect Norway spruce growth? Forest Ecology and Management, 257(1), 238-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.033