Illicit drugs are secondary metabolites often produced to defend plants against herbivores, pathogens, insects, or competitors and so there would be a reason to hypothesize that these substances once excreted in the environment may have some toxic effects on nontarget organisms. Most of toxicological data of illicit drugs found in the literature are, however, on acute toxicity in humans or model organisms and are, therefore, insufficient for a complete ecotoxicological assessment. [...]