Developing microwave absorption (MA) materials with dynamically tunable performance stands as a pivotal endeavor to fulfill the escalating demands of electronic devices and military equipment in complex electromagnetic environments. This study presents advanced hierarchical CF@TiO₂/C aerogels with pressure tunable MA performance, engineered through a novel in-situ oxidation process of MXene on carbon fiber (CF) substrates. This process facilitates the formation of a two-dimensional (2D) TiO₂/C hybrid layer, which significantly enhances the polarization loss capabilities of the aerogels while maintaining excellent mechanical resilience. The unique architecture of these aerogels facilitates the modulation of their electrical conductivity and permittivity via pressure, thus enabling dynamically adjustable MA performance. Upon compression (50 %), the CF@TiO₂/C aerogels showcase an outstanding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.84 GHz, accompanied by a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −74.38 dB. Notably, the EAB of CF@TiO₂/C aerogels can be precisely tuned from 4 to 18 GHz (covering the C-band, X-band, and Ku-band), with maximum changes in RL_min values (ΔRL_min) reaching as high as 59.30 dB, indicating substantial tunability under varying pressure. Moreover, the CF@TiO₂/C aerogels also demonstrate outstanding thermal insulation and pressure sensing performance, highlighting their potential for multifunctional applications. This research not only sheds light on the intricate interplay between nanostructured materials and electromagnetic waves interactions but also sets a new strategy for the design of multifunctional, tunable microwave absorbers suitable for complex electromagnetic environments in modern electronic and military applications.