This chapter highlights the aspect of nano-scaled treatments of textiles in different ways. Briefly, plasma technology can be used for ablation and deposition processes. While ablation enables a complete cleaning of textiles from manufacturing residuals, deposition can be controlled in the nanometre range to achieve new functionalities. The textile properties remain unaffected with both treatments and they are dry and eco-friendly processes. Section 6.2 thus shows some advantages of plasma technology for the textile industry besides looking at the gain from nano-size (dimension of 10^-9 m). Section 6.3 deals with materials and methods with respect to the pressure range (atmospheric or low pressure plasma) and plasma reactors. Section 6.4 examines the effectiveness of plasma cleaning, focusing on fabrics, fibres, and the scale-up of the presented methods. Sections 6.5 and 6.6 are similarly organised, considering plasma metallisation and plasma polymerisation, respectively. They investigate the special requirements for fabrics and fibers to achieve nano-scaled coatings, as well as the transfer to industrial-size processes (scale-up). 'Plasma co-polymerisation' (Section 6.7) describes a combination of sputtering and plasma polymerisation to obtain nanoparticles within a polymeric matrix. The benefit of this new approach is outlined. 'Future trends' (10.8) and 'Further information' (10.9) complete the chapter.