iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) members have been recently introduced for prestressed strengthening of civil structures such as buildings and bridges. As civil structures are often prone to elevated temperatures when exposed to fire, the high-temperature behavior of the structural elements including all the materials used for rehabilitation is of great importance. Therefore, this study provides the first systematic study on the structural fire behavior of the prestressed Fe-SMA members. A series of transient total deformation tests was conducted on Fe-SMA strips with two thicknesses of 0.5 and 1.5 mm. The Fe-SMA strips were first activated and then prestressed. The transient tests were then performed for service loads of 0, 80 and 240 N/mm2 and heating rates of 5, 15 and 50 °C/min.