The sintering of alumina (Al₂O₃) traditionally occurs at high temperatures (up to ca. 1700 °C) and in significantly long times (up to several hours), which are required for the consolidation of the material by diffusion processes. Here we investigate the photonic sintering of alumina particles using millisecond flash lamp irradiation with extreme heating rates up to 10⁸ K/min. The limitation of the low visible light absorption of alumina is resolved by adding colored α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, which initiated the grain growth during sintering. After the millisecond-long light pulses from a xenon flash lamp, a bimodal mixture of α-Al₂O₃ precursor particles was sintered and iron segregation at the grain boundaries was observed. The proposed photonic sintering approach based on doping with colored centers may be extended to other refractory ceramics with low absorption in the visible light range once appropriate high-absorbing dopants are identified.