Efficient use of pultruded carbon fiber–reinforced plastic profiles (CFRP tendons) to prestress high-performance concrete (HPC) highly depends on the performance of the anchorage system and on material choice. For current applications, a prestressing degree of approximately 40% of the CFRP material strength is utilized in pretensioned concrete elements. A higher prestress implicates lower costs of fully prestressed concrete elements. The present project aimed to optimize the design of a removable and reusable pretensioning anchorage system for sand-coated CFRP rods. The optimized design was achieved by means of finite-element calculations in which parametric studies were complemented with extensive experimental work for validation. Analytical results demonstrated a reduction up to 25% for the relevant stress peaks in the tendons. The static rupture load under laboratory conditions increased by 25%, and the pretensioning level on-site could be increased by 50%. This improvement in production efficiency can be explained by easier applicability of the new system, i.e., failure tolerant assembly and prestressing process.