An improved understanding of the distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in PFAS-impacted
concrete is important for risk management and decontamination of PFAS. This study incorporates μ-X-ray
fluorescence (μ-XRF) and fluorine K-edge μ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (μ-XANES) spectroscopy to gain non-destructive insights into PFAS distribution in the impacted concrete. The μ-XRF and μ-XANES spectroscopy provided additional details on the detection of PFAS, which were not detected by the desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging method conducted previously. The shorter chain PFAS were found on the top part of the concrete core (0.5 cm), and longer chain PFAS were mostly at the bottom part of the concrete core (5 cm). The inorganic fluorine fraction was also detected, and it likely hampered the detection of organic fluorine such as PFAS in the concrete. Thus, this non-destructive technique is an complementary approach to detect PFAS in contaminated concrete.