With the development of the economy, anthropogenic emissions in the atmospheric environment increases, and air pollution has caused wide public concern. Vehicle exhaust is an important emission source in the atmosphere, and alkanes are the representative components in it. In this study, the optical properties of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from several C₁₂ alkanes (2-methylundecane, hexylcyclohexane, and cyclododecane) in the absence of NO_X were determined. Absorption (imaginary part of the refractive index (RI), k) at 532 nm was negligible for all the derived SOA, and the scattering (real part of RI, n) of the SOA at 532 nm followed the order of cyclododecane SOA < hexylcyclohexane SOA < 2-methylundecane SOA, at both room- (25 °C) and low- (5 °C) temperature. The chemical compositions of the SOA formed were analyzed with an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-TOF-MS). The mass spectra showed that the oligomers were generated in the reactions. It was shown that the different reaction pathways (due to various alkane structures) leaded to the difference in SOA chemical composition, which changed the RI values. The low-temperature condition promoted the progress of the oligomerization reaction so that the final RI values also changed. This work suggested that when estimating the radiative forcing of SOA using regional or global models, the structure of the precursors and reaction conditions should be taken into account.