作为新颖和独特的大型仪器,同步辐射装置正在越来越多地被应用到大气和环境科学的研究中。本文介绍了基于同步辐射的探测技术的理论原理、关键技术以及近期的主要研究成果。涉及的同步辐射技 术包括:常压X射线光电子能谱(APXPS)、近边X射线吸收精细结构(NEXAFS) 和扫描透射X 射线显微镜(STXM)。本文按实验类型进行了分类,即APXPS 实验、流体束实验和STXM 实验。主要内容包括: (1) 冰 表面; (2)盐表面; (3)酸性溶液; (4) 有机溶液; (5) 盐溶液; (6) 臭氧分解; (7) 黑碳; (8) 冰核; (9) 吸湿性; (10)反应机理。同步辐射设施的发展为气溶胶科学和大气异相化学的研究提供了强大的工具。可以预见 越来越多的重要大气过程和机制将通过基于同步辐射的研究所揭示,而这也将体现同步辐射装置在大气和 环境领域的巨大潜力和价值。

As a novel and unique large-scale instrument, the synchrotron radiation facilities have been progressively applied to the research of atmospheric science. This article introduces the theoretical principles, key technologies, and recent major research results of key synchrotron radiation-based experimental methods. The main synchrotron radiation technologies include the atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and the scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). A key component (environmental cell) commonly used in all three technologies is explained in detail. This article classifies the collected research according to experimental types, i.e., APXPS experiments, liquid jet experiments and STXM experiments. The main topics include: (1) ice surface, (2) salt surface, (3) acidic solution, (4) organic solution, (5) halite solution, (6) ozonolysis, (7) soot, (8) ice nuclei, (9) hygroscopicity and (10) reaction mechanism. The development of synchrotron radiation facilities has provided strong support for the research of aerosol science and atmospheric heterogeneous chemistry, giving atmospheric scientists the ability to explore unknown fields and latitudes. It is foreseeable that more and more important atmospheric processes and mechanisms will be revealed by technologies based on synchrotron radiation, which will also reflect the great potential and value of synchrotron radiation devices in the field of atmospheric and environmental science.