The thermal lattice Boltzmann model is applied to explore liquid viscosity effects on a single cavitation bubble attached to chemically patterned walls. A conversion method based on the surface tension and the non-ideal equation of state parameters is proposed. According to the force analysis, it is found that the local pressure difference and the unbalanced Young's force are two main controlling factors for contactpoint dynamics. The dynamic contact angle is larger than the equilibrium contact angle throughout the evolution process for a hydrophilic wall, which results in a hysteresis effect in the bubble growth process due to the unbalanced Young's force and accelerates the contact point retraction velocity in the collapse stage. For hydrophobic walls, the unbalanced Young's force accelerates the contact radius expanding, resulting in a larger maximum contact radius than for a bubble attached to a hydrophilic wall. The hysteresis effects caused by the unbalanced Young's force slow down the contact points retraction in the early collapse stage and accelerate the retraction later because of dramatic interface deformation. The bubble is punctured over a larger volume with a hydrophilic wall than with a hydrophilic wall, resulting in a smaller collapse intensity. An exponential relationship between the micro-jet volume and the cosine function of the equilibrium contact angle at the collapse point is found. Furthermore, the jet volume before bubble collapse decreases, and the collapse time delays with the increase in viscosity.