Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) stabilize in multiple structural forms with profoundly distinct and exotic electronic phases. Interfacing different layer types is a promising route to manipulate TMDs' properties, not only as a means to engineer quantum devices but also as a route to explore fundamental physics in complex matter. Here we use angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) to investigate a strong layering-dependent enhancement of superconductivity in TaS₂, in which the superconducting transition temperature, 𝑇_𝑐, of its 2⁢𝐻 structural phase is nearly tripled when insulating 1⁢𝑇 layers are inserted into the system. The study is facilitated by a vanadium-intercalation approach to synthesizing various TaS₂ polytypes, which improves the quality of the ARPES data while leaving key aspects of the electronic structure and properties intact. The spectra show the clear opening of the charge density wave gap in the pure 2⁢𝐻 phase and its suppression when 1⁢𝑇 layers are introduced to the system. Moreover, in the mixed-layer 4⁢𝐻⁢𝑏 system, we observe a strongly momentum-anisotropic increase in electron-phonon coupling near the Fermi level relative to the 2⁢𝐻 phase. Both phenomena help to account for the increased 𝑇_𝑐 in mixed 2⁢𝐻/1⁢𝑇 layer structures.