Lichen species have generally a very broad geographical distribution and grow in ecologically different habitats. We therefore expect ecotype differentiation between different populations. Transplantation experiments with vegetative diaspores and adult thalli of the threatened foliose lichens Lobaria pulmonaria, Sticta sylvatica, and Parmotrema crinitum have been used successfully for in situ conservation of these species [2]. When transplanting lichens for conservation purposes, the design is often rather simple. In order to detect ecotype adaptation, more complex experimental designs are required [3]. One such design, known as a provenance test, is used throughout a wide range of disciplines, e.g. forestry research.