Modern planning of protective measures against torrents is based on the risk concept, which is presented first. The vulnerability of buildings against torrent processes is discussed based on the data of several case studies in Switzerland. After a more general overview of the necessary steps when assessing a torrent with control structures, some results concerning the assessment of torrential check dams are given. These were obtained from interviews and questionnaires, answered by experts of torrent control works. Finally the results of a case study are used to discuss some economic aspects, especially focused on long-term development.