After a short review of the current situation of the yew tree, an attempt is made to present a concept for the conservation of this locally rare tree species based on genetic structures at enzyme gene loci in different ontogenetic phases. The importance of the reproductive system is described and possible conclusions for appropriate measures of genetic conservation are drawn. Analysis of experimental data shows that natural regeneration plays an important role in conservation measures. Nevertheless an enormous amount of research remains to be done, especially concerning the range of pollen dispersal and the reproductive contact between stands of yew.