The history of vegetation and forest fires was examined by studying lake sediments. The first results of pollen and charcoal analysis presented show an undisturbed stratigraphy from the Younger Dryas to the Subatlantic. All marked peaks in the charcoal curve (10⁶ µm²/cm³) correlate with a decrease of tree pollen (%). This leads to the assumption that trees around Lago di Origlio suffered damages by forest fires. The first big peak in the charcoal curve is very likely to be dated as Earliest Neolithic about 6500-6000 BP (=Before Present). During the Holocene Abies, Ulmus, Tilia and Fraxinus were severly reduced by forest fires, whereas Corylus and Pteridium aquilinum were “supported” by fires. At the beginning of Subatlantic Alnus was reduced by forest fires as well. After this last period of large forest fires the introduction and cultivation of Castanea took place. With the spreading of Castanea the charcoal curve strongly decreases. This may be an early example of fire expression.