Populations of conservation concern are often small and isolated — properties that lead to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression, the negative consequences of inbreeding, include reduced fitness of individuals such as lower survival or fecundity, or reduced pathogen resistance. These may lead to reduced population growth rates. Inbreeding depression has been shown to be ubiquitous in natural populations. Thus, inbreeding depression is an additional threat in populations already endangered for other reasons. However, the threat of inbreeding still remains once a population has again increased in size and is no longer threatened demographically. Reintroduced Swiss Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) populations serve as an example for this phenomenon. Therefore, it is crucial to consider inbreeding in conservation applications to determine the conservation status of a population and to initiate timely management strategies to reduce inbreeding.